PřF:F7567 Struktura a kinematika galaxií - Informace o předmětu

F7567 Structure and kinematics of galaxies

Rozsah

2/0/0. 2 kr. (plus ukončení). Ukončení: zk.
Vyučováno kontaktně

Vyučující

Isobelle Lilian Mary Garland, Ph.D (přednášející)
Dr. rer. nat. Tereza Jeřábková (přednášející)
Mgr. Zdeněk Prudil (přednášející)
doc. RNDr. Michal Zajaček, Dr. rer. nat. (přednášející)

Garance

Dr. rer. nat. Tereza Jeřábková
Ústav teoretické fyziky a astrofyziky – Fyzikální sekce – Přírodovědecká fakulta
Kontaktní osoba: Dr. rer. nat. Tereza Jeřábková
Dodavatelské pracoviště: Ústav teoretické fyziky a astrofyziky – Fyzikální sekce – Přírodovědecká fakulta

Rozvrh

Čt 10:00–11:50 Fcom,01034

Omezení zápisu do předmětu

Předmět je otevřen studentům libovolného oboru.

Anotace

The main goal of this course is to make students acquainted with classification, structure and kinematics of galaxies and larger systems composed of them - galaxy groups, clusters and superclusters - as well as with theoretical, observational tools to study them. Part of the lecture is devoted to a more detailed description of our Galaxy and of the Local Group of galaxies. The course also includes the basics of galactic dynamics. A follow-up course F8567 (Dynamics and evolution of galaxies) focuses on more advanced chapters of galactic dynamics and evolution in cosmological context.

Výstupy z učení

After having attended the course, students will be able to:
- characterise galaxy types and their basic structural and physical properties
- recognise main types of galaxies on optical or infrared images, including distinguishing of their various morphological components
- characterise spatial distribution of galaxies and their kinematics in the observable universe
- describe general properties of galactic gravitational fields and give most common examples of spherically and axially symmetric models of gravitational potentials
- describe motions of stars and gas in disk and elliptical galaxies by means of the shape of their trajectories, orbital frequencies, integrals of motions, velocity dispersion tensor, as well as by using equations of motions in the above mentioned model potentials

Klíčová témata

• 1. Images of galaxies (a photographic overview of diversity of galaxies); the cosmological context: galaxies in the expanding Universe; local versus distant galaxies; basic characteristics of galaxies (masses, sizes, luminosities)
• 2. History of discovering galaxies: The Milky Way, period-luminosity relation for Cepheids; discovery of Cepheids in M31
• 3. Classification of galaxies: The Hubble sequence, de Vaucouleurs' classification, modern morphological/photometrical/kinematic classifications of galaxies
  
• 4. Morphological components of galaxies: bulge, disk (thin disk/thick disk), bar, stellar halo, spiral arms, rings, shells, dark matter halo; gaseous structures
• 5. Mass, size and photometric characteristics of galaxies: global characteristics (mass, scale-lengths/heights, luminosity, colour indices); radial and vertical dependence of surface brightness/surface density (exponential profile, Gaussian profile, de Vaucouleurs' profile, Sérsic profile)
• 6. Introduction into kinematics of galaxies: trajectories of stars and gas in disk, elliptical and dwarf galaxies; orbital frequencies; rotation of galaxies; rotation curve
• 7. Velocity distribution of stars: velocity dispersion tensor; velocity anisotropy
• 8. Motions of stars perpendicular to the galactic plane; vertical frequency
• 9. Number and number density of galaxies in the Observable Universe; the luminosity and mass function of galaxies; the least and most massive galaxies
• 10. Galaxy scaling relationships, Tully-Fisher, Faber-Jackson, the fundamental plane
• 11. Gaseous components of galaxies: basic characteristics (temperature/density/chemical composition) and distribution of atomic, molecular and ionised gas in galaxies; gaseous disks, gas clouds, gas halo
• 12. Star formation in galaxies and the IMF
• 13. The Milky Way - our Galaxy
• 14. Galaxy groups, clusters and superclusters; Laniakea supercluster
• 15. Evidence of supermassive black holes, AGN identifications, co-evolution between AGN and galaxies, AGN unification
• 16. Spectra and SEDs, variation between galaxy types, deriving information from spectra

Studijní zdroje a literatura

doporučená literatura
• BINNEY, James a Michael MERRIFIELD. Galactic astronomy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998, 796 s. ISBN 0-691-02565-7. info
• BINNEY, James a Scott TREMAINE. Galactic dynamics. 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008, xvi, 885. ISBN 9780691130279. info
• BOVY, Jo. Dynamics and Astrophysics of Galaxies. Princeton University Press, 2026, 952 s. ISBN 978-0-691-21437-5. Full, open-access online edition of the text info

Přístupy, postupy a metody používané ve výuce

lectures, class discussion

Způsob ověření výstupů z učení a požadavky na ukončení

class type: lectures, discussions, exercises
evaluation: 2 written tests + final oral exam

Vyučovací jazyk

Angličtina

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• Permalink: https://is.muni.cz/predmet/sci/podzim2026/F7567